Russia: 110 cases of pests or diseases identified in imported products from June 5 to 11
Article continues below
As part of the implementation of the policy of ensuring the phytosanitary well-being of the Russian Federation and reducing the risk of dangerous pests, weeds and plant diseases entering its territory, it detailed information on the harmfulness and biological characteristics of these objects.
Brown rot of potatoes (Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al (= Pseudomonas solanacearum (Smith) Smith)): 3 cases
About the quarantine disease: Potato bacterial brown rot (Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. (=Pseudomonas solanacearum (Smith) Smith) is a widespread disease mainly in countries with a warm and humid climate. It reduces yields on susceptible potato varieties by up to 50%. During storage, losses can exceed 40%.
Brown moniliose rot (Monilinia fructicola (Winter) Honey): 1 case;
About the causative agent: Monilinia fructicola is an extremely dangerous causative agent of stone fruit disease and, if spread in the Russian Federation, can cause significant harm to agriculture.
The range of the main hosts of this fungus includes fruit trees from the Rosaceae family: mainly peaches, nectarines and other species of the genus Prunus, to a lesser extent apples and pears.
Brown moniliose rot can almost completely destroy a crop or significantly reduce it, as it destroys flowers and causes rotting of ripened fruits, both on the tree and after harvest.
Post-harvest losses are more severe than pre-harvest losses and usually occur during storage and transport, and in some cases at the processing stage.
Ipomoea pitted (Ipomoea lacunosa L.): 2 cases
About the weed: Ipomoea pitted (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) has a long thin stem 1-3 m long. An annual plant, reproduction occurs by seeds, one plant forms up to 15,000 seeds.
It clogs all agricultural land, while using the stems of plants growing nearby - soybeans, corn, cotton as a support, drowning out their growth and making mechanical harvesting difficult.
The yield of crops in case of clogging with Ipomoea pitted is reduced by 30-50%. In the soil, weed seeds can remain viable for a long time.
Eastern codling moth (Grapholitha molesta (Busck)): 3 cases
About the pest: The eastern codling moth Grapholitha molesta (Busck) is the most important and economically significant pest of fruit crops.
It damages the fruits and shoots of peach, plum, apricot, pear, apple, hawthorn, quince, cherry, laurel. Yield losses are 50-100%.
Peach codling moth (Carposina sasakii Matsumura): 1 case;
Harmfulness: caterpillars of the peach codling moth (Carposina niponensis Wlsgh.) gnaw holes in the fruit and fill them with excrement. Several caterpillars can develop simultaneously in one fruit.
The vital activity of the larvae leads the fruits to complete disrepair. On uncultivated plantings of fruit crops, fruit damage reaches 80–90%.
Cercosporosis purpurea (Cercospora kikuchii (T. Matsu & Tomoyasu) Gardn .): 1 case ;
About the disease: Soybean purpurea (Cercospora kikuchii (Matsumoto & Tomoyasu) Gardner) is an imperfect fungus. Attacks soybeans, beans.
The pathogen usually spreads and concentrates in the seed coat. Infected seeds are characterized by the presence of spots or an unnatural color from faint pink to purplish black.
The seed coat cracks with longitudinal cracks and becomes rough. Infected seeds produce sparse seedlings; in diseased seedlings, the cotyledon leaves are often wrinkled, sometimes turning dark purple and falling off prematurely.
Subsequently, the infection spreads along the stem, forming reddish-purple necrotic areas surrounding the stem. Weakly affected plants are stunted; on adult plants with leaf damage, stems form spots of red-brown color with a dark brown rim.
The leaves turn yellow prematurely and fall off, the stem in the affected areas bends and breaks. On beans of mature soybean plants, the disease manifests itself as slightly depressed, oval or irregularly shaped reddish-purple spots up to several centimeters in length.
Chrysanthemum white rust (Puccinia horiana Henn .): 8 cases
Harmfulness and Pest Risk: Chrysanthemum white rust (Puccinia horiana Henn.) is considered to be a harmful disease in industrialized countries.
The fungus has a high potential for adaptation and survival in new conditions, the disease is rapidly spreading to various regions of the world, and the cost of eliminating foci of infection is very high.
Mass destruction of plants in greenhouses can cause 80% destruction of the crop, up to the complete loss of the number of chrysanthemum plants.
Polyphagous humpback fly (Megaselia scalaris (Loew)): 3 cases
About the pest: the polyphagous humpback fly (Megaselia scalaris Loew.) is a quarantine object for the Russian Federation. The places of its distribution are Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Belgium, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, USA, Cuba, Australia.
This is a saprophytic fly 2–3 mm long, outwardly resembling a common fruit fly - a red-eyed Drosophila, but its eyes are black, and its body has a pronounced “hump-shaped†chest.
This species spreads very quickly with various modes of transport, as well as in the feathers of migratory birds. Usually, various fruits serve as the main route of distribution of the fly.
This is especially true for bananas that are overripe or transported in reusable contaminated containers. An adult insect is not dangerous, but its larvae are able to develop in an unusually wide range of decaying organic substances and can infect animals and humans.
Under natural conditions, larvae with a maximum length of up to 5 mm are often found in contaminated foods: soy, flour, cheese, dried fish, rotting potatoes.
Rotting plants and fungi, dead arthropods and mollusks, animal and human feces, as well as their corpses, are a common food environment for these insects.
In addition, the larvae can even eat vaseline and shoe polish. In humans, the larvae of the humpback fly can cause the so-called myiasis, a parasitic disease caused by the penetration of fly larvae into the human body.
Parasites can infect the wound surface and cause some internal forms of myiasis. The fact is that these flies use many available food products for nutrition and reproduction.
And the accidental ingestion of eggs and larvae of humpback beetles into the human digestive system can turn into intestinal myiasis. Particularly dangerous is the penetration into the intestines of larvae of the third age.
There are also rarer reports of larvae developing in wounds, the cornea of ​​the eye, and the urogenital system. In addition, the fly can become a carrier of cholera.
Potato moth (Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller)): 2 cases
About the pest: Potato moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zell.) infects potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, tobacco, peppers, nightshade, physalis and other wild Solanaceae. In the field damages up to 25% of potatoes, up to 57% of tomatoes, up to 80% of tobacco.
Dodder (Cuscuta spp .): 1 case;
About the weed: in the world flora there are more than 270 species of dodder (Cuscuta spp.), distributed in many countries of the world. For Russia, dodder is of great importance as a weed of crops and plantings of agricultural crops.
Dodder is an annual parasitic plant in the form of a filamentous or cord-like strongly branching stem. They live at the expense of the host plant, tightly twisting around it and sticking with special outgrowths.
Caryopses of the genus Callosobruchus (Callosobruchus spp.): 1 case;
About the pest: the weevil of the genus Callosobruchus (Callosobruchus spp.) harms in the field and in warehouses. Up to 10 larvae can develop in one grain. In case of severe damage, the contents of the grain are completely destroyed.
South American tomato moth (Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)): 7 cases
About the pest: The harmfulness of the South American tomato moth (Tuta absoluta (Povolny) is comparable to the harmfulness of the locust, since the death of the crop in some cases can reach 100%.
The tomato moth damages nightshade plants in any phase of development, from germination to full maturity.
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus: 1 case ;
Harmfulness: Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a dangerous pathogen of greenhouse vegetables.
With many penetration routes and a high spread rate, the virus has already been identified in countries in Europe, Asia and America, where it caused serious damage to tomato production. Infects tomato and pepper plants.
It leads to mosaic staining of their leaves, deformation and discoloration of the fruit.
Symptoms of the leaf blade include chlorosis, its narrowing, a mosaic with dark green bulges. Yellow spots appear on the fruits. They are concentrated mainly around the pedicel.
They also become wrinkled. It spreads from greenhouse to greenhouse through seeds, pollinating insects, clothes, shoes, birds, equipment. Can maintain its viability for a long time, as well as exist without a host, e.g. in soil, plant residues (tops), on garden equipment.
Tobacco whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.): 5 cases
About the pest: Tobacco whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.) is limited in Russia. Its larvae suck plant juices (harming at least 200 plant species) and transmit plant pathogenic viruses. Especially dangerous in greenhouses and greenhouses. ■