The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a new Alzheimer's treatment from American pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly.
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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Kisunla (donanemab-azbt, 350 mg/20 mL once-monthly injection for IV infusion), Eli Lilly and Company's Alzheimer's treatment for adults with early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD), which includes people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as people with the mild dementia stage of AD, with confirmed amyloid pathology.
Once-monthly Kisunla is the first and only amyloid plaque-targeting therapy with evidence to support stopping therapy when amyloid plaques are removed, which can result in lower treatment costs and fewer infusions.
Amyloid is a protein produced naturally in the body that can clump together to create amyloid plaques. The excessive buildup of amyloid plaques in the brain may lead to memory and thinking issues associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Kisunla can help the body remove the excessive buildup of amyloid plaques and slow the decline that may diminish people's ability to remember new information, important dates, and appointments; plan and organize; make meals; use household appliances; manage finances; and be left alone.
In the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 Phase 3 study, people who were the least advanced in the disease experienced the strongest results with Kisunla.
Trial participants were analyzed over 18 months in two groupings: one group who was less advanced in their disease (those with low to medium levels of tau protein) and the overall population, which also included participants with high tau levels.
Treatment with Kisunla significantly slowed clinical decline in both groups.
Those individuals treated with Kisunla who were less advanced in their disease showed a significant slowing of decline of 35% compared with placebo on the integrated Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (iADRS), which measures memory, thinking, and daily functioning. In the overall population, the response to treatment was also statistically significant using the iADRS at 22%.
Among the two groups analyzed, participants treated with Kisunla had up to a 39% lower risk of progressing to the next clinical stage of disease than those taking placebo.
Among the overall population of participants, Kisunla reduced amyloid plaques on average by 61% at 6 months, 80% at 12 months, and 84% at 18 months compared to the start of the study.
One of the treatment goals of the study was to remove amyloid plaques to minimal levels consistent with a visually negative scan using amyloid positron emission tomography (PET).
If participants were confirmed to have reached these levels, they were able to complete treatment with Kisunla and switch to placebo for the remainder of the study.
Kisunla can cause amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), which is a potential side effect with amyloid plaque-targeting therapies that does not usually cause symptoms.
It can be detected via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and, when it does occur, may present as temporary swelling in an area or areas of the brain, which usually resolves over time, or as small spots of bleeding in or on the surface of the brain.
Infrequently, larger areas of bleeding in the brain can occur.
ARIA can be serious, and life-threatening events can occur. Kisunla can also cause certain types of allergic reactions, some of which may be serious and life-threatening, that typically occur during infusion or within 30 minutes post-infusion. Headache is another commonly reported side effect.
In the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 trial, people were able to complete treatment and switch to placebo at 6, 12, or 18 months after they achieved one of the study's treatment goals, minimal levels of amyloid plaque consistent with a visually negative amyloid PET scan.
In the overall population of people receiving Kisunla, 17% completed treatment at 6 months, 47% at 12 months, and 69% at 18 months based on an assessment of amyloid levels via an amyloid PET scan.
The total cost of Kisunla will vary by patient based on when they complete treatment.
The FDA's dosing instructions state that prescribers can consider stopping the dosing of Kisunla based on removal of amyloid plaques to minimal levels as observed on amyloid PET imaging.
The potential to complete treatment after a limited-duration course of therapy, along with 30-minute infusions once per month, could result in lower patient out-of-pocket treatment costs and fewer infusions compared to other amyloid-targeting therapies.
Patients' out-of-pocket cost for treatment with Kisunla will depend on their length of treatment and their insurance. Coverage and reimbursement for Kisunla are now available for eligible patients on Medicare under a National Coverage Determination with Coverage with Evidence Development.
Also, as of October 2023, broad coverage and reimbursement for amyloid PET scans are available for eligible patients on Medicare. More than 98% of eligible Medicare patients have coverage that eliminates, limits, or caps their annual out-of-pocket exposure.
Lilly intends to donate Kisunla to the Lilly Cares Foundation, a separate nonprofit organization that makes medicines available at no cost to qualified Americans, including some Medicare beneficiaries, who meet financial eligibility and other criteria. ■