Scientists developed a technique to rapidly and reliably detect genetic changes in malaria parasites in Ghana, using just a gaming laptop and portable MinION sequencer from Oxford Nanopore.
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Researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute and University of Ghana were able to demonstrate for the first time that end to end, real time pathogen monitoring from clinical blood samples is possible in rural, resource limited malaria hotspots. They looked for key drug resistance markers in the malaria parasite, and diversity in the vaccine target gene.
The findings published in Nature Microbiology pave the way for local monitoring of drug resistance and evaluating new malaria vaccines in affected regions.
Genomic surveillance provides the tools to analyze the genomic data behind parasite drug resistance. But until recently, it has mostly been carried out in labs in high income, non malaria endemic countries, concentrating capacity away from affected regions.
In this new study, researchers set out to develop an accessible, near real time technology to monitor parasite mutations within the communities most affected by malaria.
Researchers employed standard molecular biology equipment for collecting parasites from blood spot samples, prepared by a simple finger prick.
They then sequenced and analyzed the malaria parasite DNA using the portable MinION device and a laptop computer to detect known drug resistance markers, emerging mutations and targets of new malaria vaccines.
The team successfully carried out the study from two sites: an urban hospital in the Ghanaian capital Accra and a rural town 11 hours' drive to the north. They were able to generate sequencing information in as little as 48 hours after receiving a sample, while keeping costs minimal, at around £27 per sample in batches of 96.
The team showed frontline treatments remain widely effective against local malaria strains in Ghana currently. However, ongoing monitoring is essential, including to protect high risk groups that receive targeted interventions.
They also discovered multiple genetic differences between circulating malaria strains and the protein targeted by newly recommended malaria vaccines. While requiring further study, these could impact the latest vaccine rollouts across Africa.
Edem Adika, co first author of the study at University of Ghana, said, "By taking sequencing to the source, insights arrive in days rather than years enabling rapid, localized responses. This unprecedented speed promises to be a powerful game changer against infectious diseases outpacing our countermeasures. We hope this on site approach is soon applied here to other pathogens." ■
A strong storm that originated over the Pacific has tracked through the Great Basin and is currently transitioning across the Rockies to redevelop across the central High Plains later today into early Saturday morning.