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Single dose typhoid conjugate vaccine found to provide lasting efficacy in children

Christian Fernsby |
A single dose of the typhoid conjugate vaccine, Typbar TCV, provides lasting efficacy in preventing typhoid fever in children ages nine months to 12 years old.

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This is according to a new study conducted by researchers at University of Maryland School of Medicine's (UMSOM) Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD) and led by in-country partners at the Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust (MLW) Clinical Research Program.

Results from the Phase III clinical study were published in The Lancet.

The research team enrolled more than 28,000 healthy children in Malawi and randomly assigned about half the group to receive the TCV and the other half to receive a meningococcal capsular group A conjugate (MenA) control vaccine.

During the more than four years of follow-up, 24 children in the TCV group and 110 in the MenA group developed typhoid fever, which was confirmed via blood culture. That resulted in an efficacy of 78.3% in the TCV group, with one case of typhoid prevented for every 163 children vaccinated.

TCV was effective in all age groups and over the study period, which ended in 2022. Vaccine efficacy remained strong, decreasing by only 1.3% per year.

Typhoid fever causes more than 9 million illnesses and at least 110,000 deaths worldwide every year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia. It is a contagious bacterial infection that occurs from consuming contaminated food or beverages. Symptoms include nausea, fever, and abdominal pain that, if left untreated, can be deadly.

"These findings have significant implications for identification of the contribution of TCVs in the control and potential elimination of typhoid fever in endemic settings," wrote the authors of a commentary published in The Lancet alongside the study.

January 1, 2024


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