Like most other new products, electric vehicles sell in an S curve of a slow start with oversupply, then comes fastest growth with supply sometimes unable to keep up with demand and then comes saturation.
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Take pure electric buses as an example, IDTechEx says.
Here, China rapidly deployed 400,000, 99 percent of the total number in the world, then it collapsed subsidies, causing a collapse in deliveries and, sadly, it mainly makes smoking buses again.
The rest of the world is beginning to compensate.
For example, recently, Qbuzz in the Netherlands has ordered 159 pure electric buses, Helsingborg Sweden 76, Brussels Airport 30 and London 68 pure electric double deckers.
Cities across the U.K. recently placed 263 orders for zero-emission buses.
Warsaw will order 130 pure electric buses for delivery by 2021.
Kazakhstan is expecting 700 electric buses and Azerbaijan another 500 over the next three years.
However, India has the largest potential, with a government plan for an initial 10,000 pure electric buses, replacing some of the 1.6 million registered buses there, all of which must go, says the government, sensitive to the deaths they cause.
The Indian state of Uttarakhand has ordered 500 electric buses.
Now India is responsible for about 25 percent of the pure electric bus orders outside China.
The Chinese – mainly BYD – are behind much of the supply but by no means all.
Tata Motors in India has orders from six cities for a total of 255 pure electric buses.
Large subsidies are an essential part of the take-off everywhere, China being at the top of the growth curve and everywhere else at the fast-growth part, though China may see another S curve based on free market demands when pure electric has price parity.
Battery costs have been a primary impediment.
However, in an interesting development, busy bus routes are seeing progress to less or no battery.
Eight countries have 10-second charging supercapacitor large buses now and non-stop top-up charging in many forms has arrived, from solar bodywork to intermittent catenary, rails and coils in the road.
Top-up, including stationary forms with gantries, etc., at bus stops, typically leads to 80 percent less battery, and this and the reduction in battery prices have led to some projections of the battery being a mere six percent of bus cost in 10 years’ time.
For more on all that, see the IDTechEx Research report “Energy Storage for Electric Buses and Trucks 2019-2029.†That will hasten the day when the up-front price of pure-electric buses is at parity with diesel.
The rising cost of diesel powertrains also helps.
Consider the extra cost of diesel fume-reduction measures such as 48V mild hybridisation and the cost of adding equipment to treat emissions.
IDTechEx currently projects price parity around 2030 for large buses, but the future can come early.
Like buses outside China, pure electric cars are now near to the fastest-growth phase at around 70 percent increase in numbers sold yearly, with subsidies already less critical because parity is approached earlier with small vehicles.
Many now agree with IDTechEx that the smaller pure-electric cars will have lower up-front prices than internal combustion equivalents around 2023 – the killer blow.
This time China is in synch with the rest of the world: it has the largest pure electric car sales but, as a percentage of the number of cars being made, nothing exceptional.
China is expected to dominate global manufacturing of pure electric cars just as it has grown to be the biggest global manufacturer of conventional vehicles.
For the untold story of the formidable innovation in China in many types of electric vehicle from pure- electric inland ships and large high-altitude solar drones to robot farm tractors, see the IDTechEx Research report “Electric Vehicles in China 2019-2029.â€
Evidence from Norway with the largest percentage of pure electric new cars suggests that the biggest obstacle to speeding up the electrification of road transport could now be a lack of e-vehicles, with Kia eNiro on one-year delivery and Tesla Model 3 still keeping people waiting.
Volkswagen even announced that the Passat GTE and Golf GTE have been “closed to ordering,†due to the exceptionally long waiting times.
It does not help that there is a ready supply of short-range pure-electric cars because buyers have to be pretty wild-eyed to buy one.
The range anxiety is compounded by resale value dropping at twice the rate of the others. ■